An extensive history of Ball Foundation publications, technical reports, and professional conference presentations reflect our commitment to quality in the measurement of aptitudes.
Both internal and external users and researchers have engaged in extensive qualitative and quantitative psychometric, validation, and utility examinations of the Ball Aptitude Battery® (BAB™).
A few selected publications and contributions:
Primary References
The Ball Foundation, (1995). BAB Technical Manual (3rd rev. ed.). Glen Ellyn, IL: Author.
The Ball Foundation, (2002). Ball Career Systemsm Technical Manual. Glen Ellyn, IL: Author.
Technical Reports
Rengel, E. K., Dong, H. K., & Colarelli, S. M. (1984). Generalization and expansion of the Ball Aptitude Battery to high school freshmen (Tech. Rep. No. 16). Glen Ellyn, IL: The Ball Foundation.
Goldman, S. H. (1987). BAB tests and their relation to GATB and prediction of success on 66 Occupational Aptitude Patterns (OAP) (Tech. Rep. No. 25). Glen Ellyn, IL: The Ball Foundation.
Neumann, G. A., & Briggs, T. E. (1996). Ball Aptitude Battery short form (Tech. Rep.). DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University.
Journal Articles / Book Chapters
Sung, Y. H., & Dawis, R. V. (1981). Level and factor structure differences in selected abilities across race and sex groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 66, No. 5, 613‑624.
Dawis, R. V., & Sung, Y. H. (1984). The relationship of participation in school activities to abilities and interests in a high school student sample. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 24, 159-168.
Dong, H. K., Sung, Y. H., & Dohm, T. E. (1985). Validity of the Ball Aptitude Battery (BAB): I. Relationship to high school academic success. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45, 627‑637.
Dong, H. K., Sung, Y. H., & Goldman, S. H. (1985). Validity of the Ball Aptitude Battery (BAB): II. Relationship to training and occupational success. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45, 951‑957.
Dong, H. K., Sung, Y. H., Goldman, S. H., & Dohm, T. E. (1986). Validity of the Ball Aptitude Battery (BAB): III. Relationship to CAB, DAT and GATB. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 46, 245‑250.
Dawis, R. V., Goldman, S. H., & Sung, Y. H. (1992). Stability and change in abilities for a sample of young adults. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 457-465.
Carson, A. D., Bizot, E. B., Hendershot, P. E., Barton, M. G., Garvin, M.K., & Kraemer, B. (1999). Modeling career counseling decisions with artificial neural networks: Predictions of fit across a comprehensive occupational map. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 196-213.
Neuman, G. A., Bolin, A. U., & Briiggs, T. E. (2000). Development of a short form: The Ball Aptitude Battery. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 32, 187-198.
Neuman, G. A., Bolin, A. U., & Briggs, T. E. (2000). Identifying general factors of intelligence: A confirmatory factor analysis of the Ball Aptitude Battery. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60, 697-712.
Tirre, W. C., & Field, K. (2002). Structural models of abilities measured by the Ball Aptitude Battery. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62, 830-856.
Brown, S. D., Ryan Krane, N. E., Brecheisen, J., Castelino, P., Budisin, I., Miller, M., & Edens, L. (2003). Critical ingredients of career choice interventions: More analyses and new hypotheses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 411-428.
Converse, P. D., Oswald, F. L., Gillespie, M. A., Field, K. A., & Bizot, E. B. (2004). Matching individuals to Occupations Using Abilities in the O*NET: Issues and an Application in Career Guidance. Personnel Psychology, 47, 451-487.
Ryan Krane, N.E. & Tirre, W. C. (2005). Ability assessment in career counseling. In S.D. Brown & R.W. Lent (Eds.) Career Development & Counseling: Putting Theory and Research to Work. (pp. 330-352). New York: Wiley.
Conference Presentations
Bizot, E. B., & Barton, M. G. (1997, August). Measured and self-rated abilities in ninth graders. In A. D. Carson (Chair), Self-rated and objectively measured abilities are not equivalent. Symposium presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, Illinois.
Barton, M. G. (1998, April). Development of an Aptitude-Based Career Exploration System Based on Gottfredson’s (1986) Occupational Aptitude Patterns Map. Poster presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, California.
Harmon, V.M, & Bizot, E. B. (2000, August). Combining interests and aptitudes into career recommendations. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.
Tirre, W. C., & Field, K.A. (2003, May). Measurement equivalence of aptitude tests across gender and racial categories: Findings with the Ball Aptitude Battery – Computerized. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
Tirre, W. C., & Field, K.A. (2004, May). Computer-administered paper-and-pencil aptitude tests measure the same constructs. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Society, Chicago, Illinois.
Kosin, P., Conway, T., Edens, L. & Ryan Krane, N. E. (2004, November). Aptitude assessment: How to appropriately connect aptitude, motivation, and interest in career counseling. Illinois Counseling Association 56th Annual Pre-Conference 2004, November 4, 2004, Addison, IL.
Field, K.A., & Harmon, V.M. (2018, April). Suggested methods for use of the Amazon MTurk platform for aptitude test development. Poster presented at annual meeting of the Society for Industrial Organizational Psychologists, Chicago, Illinois.
Field, K.A., & Harmon, V.M. (2020, May). Test-retest of the Ball Aptitude Battery with MTurk panel members. Poster presented at annual meeting of the American Psychological Society, Virtual.
Ryan, N. E. (2022, June). The power of objective aptitude assessment in building vocational identity & resiliency throughout the lifespan. Session presented at the annual meeting of the National Career Development Association, Anaheim, California.